All Definition Of Physics For Class 10 [A to Z]

PHYSICS all definition for class 10          

All Definition Of Physics For Class 10 [A to Z]

Accommodation: The ability of the eye to focus the near and distant objects, by adjusting its focal length.

Acid Rain: Rain that has a relatively low pH (acidic) due to air pollution.

Alternating Current: A.C is an electric current which flows first in one direction in a circuit, called the positive direction, then in the reverse or negative direction at a regular internal of time.

Ammeter: A device to measure electric current in circuit.

Angle of the prism: Angle of prism can be define as; the angle between its two lateral faces.

Aperture: Aperture is the diameter of the reflecting surface of spherical mirror.

Astigmatism: The eye which cannot simultaneously see all objects or lines with the same distinctness making different inclinations.

Beam: A collection of rays originating from a source.

Biomass: The matter contained in the bodies of plants and animals.

Biogas: The mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide gases.

Calorific value of a fuel: The amount of heat obtained when 1g of fuel is completely burnt.

Centre of curvature: It is the centre of the sphere of which the spherical mirror is a part.

Chain reaction: A reaction in which the particle which starts the reaction is also produced during the reaction to carry on the reaction further.

Colour blindness: The defect of the eye due to which a person is unable to distinguish between certain colours.

Concave mirror: A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards and focal length of concave mirror is always positive (+ve).

Convex mirror: A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards and focal length of convex mirror is always negative (-ve).

Cornea: Transparent spherical membrane covering front of the eye through which light enters.

Direct Current: Electric current in which the electrons flow directionally from the negative (-) terminal towards the positive (+) terminal.

Dispersion of light: It is a phenomena in which white light split into its constituent colours  .

Earthing: The process of connecting the metal casing to earth of an electrical appliance in order to avoid shock due to faults in circuits.

Earth Wire: Wire with green insulation cover.

Electric circuit: It is the continuous and closed path of an electric current.

Electric current: Electric current can be define as; the rate of flow of electric charges.

Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic induction is a process, by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor.

Electromagnetic wave: The wave consisting of electric and magnetic field vibrations such that electric field, magnetic field and direction of propagation of wave all are perpendicular to cach other.

Electric motor: Electric motor is a rotating device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.

Electric power: The rate at which electrical energy is dissipated or consumed in an electric circuit.

Electromotive Force: The potential difference which exists between the terminals of a cell when it is in the open circuit i.e., when it is not sending any current in the circuit.

Eye lens: Transparent crystalline lens that provides finer adjustment of focal length required to focus objects.

Far Point: The farthest distance at which an object can be seen clearly.

Focal length of lens: The distance between optical centre and the principal focus of a lens.

Focal length of mirror: The distance between the pole and the principal focus.

Fuse: The most important safety device, used for protecting the circuits due to short-circuiting or overloading of the circuits.

Galvanometer: An instrument that can detect the presence of a current in a circuit.

Generator: It is a device that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. 

Geothermal energy: Internal heat energy of the earth.

HOT Spots: Due to geological changes, molten rocks formed in the deeper hot regions of earth's crust are pushed upward and trapped in certain regions. 

Hydroelectric power: Flowing water.

Hypermetropia: The eye which can see only distant objects clearly.

Image distance (v): The distance of the image from the pole of the mirror.

Infrared rays: The radiation lying beyond red, i.e., having wavelength greater than 700 nm (or > 0.7 u).

Iris: Coloured diaphragm between the cornea and the lens that controls size of pupil.

Lens: A portion of transparent medium bounded by two surfaces: one or both of them may be curved.

Live Wire: Wire with red insulation cover. 

Magnetic Field: Space around a magnet within which its effect can be felt by using hypothetical unit north pole.

Magnetic Field Lines: The path along which a free north pole tend to move when it is free to do so.

Magnification: It is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object. 

Myopia: The eye which clearly sees only nearer objects.

Near Point: Closest distance at which the eye can focus clearly.

Neutral Wire: Wire with black insulation cover.

Non-mechanical waves: Those waves which do not require any medium for their propagation.

Non-renewable source of energy: A source of energy which is not easily replaceable and gets exhausted over a limited period of time.

Nuclear reaction: The reactions in which nuclear composition of the reacting atoms change to form new nuclei with a simultaneous release of large amount of energy.

Nuclear fission: A nuclear reaction in which a heavier nucleus is split up into two or more lighter nuclei, with a simultaneous release of a large amount of energy.

Nuclear fusion: A nuclear reaction in which two or more lighter nuclei combine to give a stable heavier nucleus liberating a huge amount of energy.

Object distance(u): The distance of the object from its pole.

Optical centre: A fixed point on the principal axis of the lens. It has the property that the ray passing through this point does not suffer any deviation.

Optic Nerve: Transfers signals from retina to the brain.

Persistence of Vision: Persistence of vision can be define as; capability of an eye to see continuousły the image of an object for a very short period even after the removal of the object.

Pole of the mirror: The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror.

Potential difference between two points: The amount of work done in moving a unit charge from one point to the other.

Power of lens: The reciprocal of the focal length of a lens (when focal length is first expressed in metres).

Presbyopia: The eye which suffers from myopia as well as from hypermetropia.

Primary or natural fuels: The fuels which are used in the form in which they occur in nature.

Principal axis of lens: The straight line passing through the centres of curvatures of the two spherical surfaces of a lens (If one of the surfaces of the lens is plane, then the principal axis is defined as the straight line passing through the centre of curvature of the spherical surface and perpendicular to the plane surface).

Principal axis of mirror: A straight line passing through the pole and the centre of curvature.

Principal focus: The point on the principal axis at which all rays parallel to the principe axis converge (in the case of concave mirror) or appear to diverge (in the case of convex mirror) after reflection.

Pupil: A hole In the middle of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Radius of curvature: The radius of the sphere of which the spherical mirror is a part.

Rainbow: The phenomenon of formation of coloured arcs by dispersion and internal reflection of light from rain drops.

Range of Vision: It is the distance between the near point and the far point.

Ray Beam of light: The path along which light travels.

Real image: When rays starting from a point after reflection (or refraction) actually meet at a second point,then the latter is said to be the real image of the object.

Rectilinear propagation of light: Travelling of light along a straight line in a homogeneous medium. 

Reflection of light: The bouncing back of light after striking a surface, in the same medium, when the reflecting surface is polished and smooth, then reflection is regular but if it contains irregularities, then reflection is diffused or irregular.

Refraction of light: The phenomenon of bending of light from its straight line path at the surface of separation of two media (If a ray of light goes from a denser to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal and if it goes from a rarer to a denser medium it bends towards the normal.)

Refractive index: The extent of the change in the direction that takes place in a given pair of media.

Renewable source of energy: An inexhaustible source of energy which is produced continuously in nature and can be reused again.

Resistance: It is the property of a conductor due to which it opposes the flow of current through it.

Resistivity: The resistance of the conductor of unit length and unit cross-sectional area.

Retina: Screen on which the image is formed by the lens system of human eye.

Secondary or processed fuels: The fuels derived from natural fuels by physical or chemical processes.

Solenoid: A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the shape of a cylinder.

Solar energy: Heat and light energies associated with the radiation emitted by the sun.

Solar cooker: A device which cooks food by using the heat energy of sunlight.

Solar heater: A device which heats up water by using the heat energy of sunlight.

Solar cell: A device which can directly convert light energy into electrical energy.

Spectrum: The band of the coloured components of a white light beam.

Terminal Potential Difference: The potential difference which exists across the terminals of the cell when it is sending current in the circuit.

Tyndall effect: Tyndall effect is the phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles.

Utraviolet rays: The radiation lying beyond violet light, i.e., having wavelength less than 400nm (or <0.4u).

Virtual image: When rays starting from a point after reflection (or refraction) appear to diverge from a second point, then the latter is said to be the virtual image of the object.

Voltmeter: A device to measure potential difference between two points in the circuit.

Water energy: The kinetic energy of flowing water.

Wind energy: The kinetic energy of moving air (wind).

 

Wind energy farm: The region where large number of wind mills are erected to produce electricity.

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